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The Scots Who Built the Capital City of Wales
The dramatic transformation of Cardiff Castle is inseparable from the story of the Bute family – one of the wealthiest families in the world during the 19th century.
Their fortune came from coal, which powered the Industrial Revolution and turned Cardiff into a major global port. With this wealth, the Third Marquess of Bute set out to transform the castle into a vision of medieval splendour, working closely with architect William Burges.
The result was not a restoration, but a re-imagining: a castle designed to reflect power, learning, faith and imagination. Understanding the Bute story helps explain why Cardiff Castle looks the way it does today — and why some parts are more like a work of art rather than a ruin.
Who was William Burges?
Renowned Victorian architect William Burges (1827–1881) created some of Britain’s most extraordinary historic interiors. His Gothic Revival masterpieces at Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch combine medieval storytelling, exquisite craftsmanship, and bold colour, celebrated today as icons of British heritage and imagination.
Here in Cardiff, spaces like the Arab Room and the Banqueting Hall display lavish decoration filled with intricate symbolism, designed to impress and inspire. Every surface holds a theme and hidden meaning, rewarding those who look closely and offering visitors a uniquely immersive heritage experience.
Shaping Cardiff Itself
The Bute family’s influence extended far beyond the castle walls. Their investment helped shape the modern city of Cardiff, linking the story of the castle directly to the story of the city.
A Gift to the City
Following the death of the 4th Marquess of Bute, the family decided to give the Castle and much of its parkland to the city of Cardiff. For 25 years, the Castle was home to the National College of Music and Drama and since 1974 has become one of Wales’ most popular visitor attractions.
Watch this incredible newsreel from 1947 showing the handover of Cardiff Castle to the city.
Visiting Cardiff Castle
Visitors come to Cardiff Castle for many reasons: history, architecture, city views, family-friendly exploration or simply a peaceful green space in the heart of the city. Whether you’re visiting Cardiff for the first time or rediscovering the city, Cardiff Castle offers a unique chance to step out of the present and into the past - without ever leaving the city centre.
